Kandahar: The Historical Heartland of Southern Afghanistan

Kandahar, Afghanistan’s second-largest city, stands as a symbol of the nation’s proud heritage, resilience, and cultural depth. Located in the south of the country, this ancient city has played a central role in Afghan history for over 2,000 years. From empires and conquerors to poetry and politics, Kandahar has long been the heartbeat of Pashtun identity and Afghan nationhood.

A City of Kings and Conquerors

Kandahar’s origins trace back to antiquity, with some sources linking its foundation to Alexander the Great, who reportedly established it as Alexandria Arachosia around 330 BCE. Over centuries, the city has seen the rise and fall of many great empires including the Mauryans, Kushans, Saffarids, and Ghaznavids.

Perhaps its most defining era came in the 18th century when Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of modern Afghanistan, chose Kandahar as his capital. His tomb still stands in the city center, a revered site for many Afghans and a symbol of unity and national pride.

Cultural and Religious Significance

Kandahar is not just a political and historical center—it’s also deeply spiritual. The Shrine of the Sacred Cloak (Kherqa Sharif), believed to house a cloak worn by the Prophet Muhammad, is one of the most sacred Islamic sites in the country. The shrine plays an important ceremonial role and attracts pilgrims and visitors alike.

Landmarks and Local Life

• Ahmad Shah Durrani Mausoleum
  A beautifully preserved resting place of Afghanistan’s founding father, this tomb reflects traditional Afghan-Islamic architecture and national pride.

• The Old City and Bazaar
  A lively network of markets where you’ll find traditional Kandahari textiles, weapons, jewelry, and handmade crafts. It’s also a great place to experience local hospitality and the unique rhythm of daily life.

• Chilzina (“Forty Steps”) and Kandahar Citadel
  Carved into the hillside above the city, these steps and fortifications provide panoramic views and deep historical insight, dating back to Alexander’s time.

• Pomegranate Orchards
  Kandahar is famous for its sweet and juicy pomegranates. The surrounding orchards not only drive local agriculture but are also a scenic part of the region’s natural charm.

The Cultural Soul of the Pashtuns

Kandahar is widely considered the cultural capital of the Pashtun people, known for their deep-rooted code of honor, poetry, music, and oral storytelling traditions. The city’s identity is built on pride, tradition, and a strong sense of community, with local hospitality being one of its most notable features.

Despite challenges over the years, Kandahar continues to be a cornerstone of Afghan history and a vibrant center of culture in the south.

Why Visit Kandahar?

• Explore the birthplace of modern Afghanistan

• Discover ancient architecture and sacred Islamic sites

• Experience authentic Pashtun culture and hospitality

• Visit bustling bazaars and lush fruit orchards